A new, wide-ranging exploration of human remains casts doubt on a long-standing theory in archaeology known as the Kurgan hypothesis -- which, among other claims, suggests that humans first domesticated horses as early as the fourth millennium B.C.
A two-dose schedule could make HIV vaccines more effective
Researchers have shown that they can generate a strong immune response against HIV with two doses of a vaccine given one week apart.
New data science tool greatly speeds up molecular analysis of our environment
A research team has developed a computational workflow for analyzing large data sets in the field of metabolomics, the study of small molecules found within cells, biofluids, tissues, and entire ecosystems.
New tool to help decision-makers navigate possible futures of the Colorado River
The Colorado River is a vital source of water in the Western United States, providing drinking water for homes and irrigation for farms in seven states, but the basin is under increasing pressure from climate change and drought. A new computational tool may help the region adapt to a complex...
Analysis sheds light on COVID-19-associated disease in Japan
Researchers analyzed the incidence in Japan of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), a severe invasive fungal infection of the lungs, and found some insights related to risk factors and mortality rate.
New testing system using Janus particles rapidly and accurately detects COVID-19
A research group has developed a new COVID-19 testing system using Janus particles -- microparticles with two sides possessing distinctive molecular properties. These particles are engineered to bind specifically to target antigens, such as viral proteins, creating a low-cost, accurate, and rapid means of testing for viral diseases. The system's...
Revealing the neuronal pathways involved in adaptive decision-making in primates
Neuronal pathways originating from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of the brain participate in different adaptive behaviors, but which pathways are used for distinct adaptive strategies remains unclear. In a recent study, researchers from Japan conducted behavioral experiments on monkeys whose OFC pathways could be selectively silenced chemically. Findings demonstrate how...
Over nearly half a billion years, Earth’s global temperature has changed drastically, driven by carbon dioxide
A new study offers the most detailed glimpse yet into how Earth's surface temperature has changed over the past 485 million years. The data show that Earth has been and can be warmer than today -- but humans and animals cannot adapt fast enough to keep up with human-caused climate...
Breakthrough study predicts catastrophic river shifts that threaten millions worldwide
Researchers have uncovered key insights into the dangerous phenomenon of 'river avulsion,' offering a way to predict when and where rivers may suddenly and dramatically change course.
Origami paper sensors could help early detection of infectious diseases in new simple, low-cost test
Researchers have developed an innovative new method for identifying biomarkers in wastewater using origami-paper sensors, enabling the tracking of infectious diseases using the camera in a mobile phone. The new test device is low-cost and fast and could dramatically change how public health measures are directed in any future pandemics.